Ricerc@Sapienza

Calcium hydroxide apexification and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) apexification are classical treatments for necrotic immature permanent teeth. The first tend to fail for lack of compliance given the high number of sessions needed; the second has technical difficulties such as material manipulation and overfilling. With both techniques, the root development is interrupted leaving the tooth with a fragile root structure, a poor crown-to-root ratio, periodontal breakdown, and high risk of fracture, compromising long-term prognosis of the tooth.

OBJECTIVES Calcium hydroxide apexification and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) apexification are classical treatments for necrotic immature permanent teeth, but they still present some drawbacks. With both techniques, the root development is interrupted, compromising long-term prognosis of the tooth. The scope of the present article is to review pertinent literature and to describe the clinical procedures protocol for regenerative endodontic procedures (REP) with its variations and their clinical application.