Piezoelectric implant site preparation: influence of handpiece movements on temperature elevation
Piezoelectric devices are widely used in oral surgical procedures, including implant site
preparation. However, little is known about the influence of working movement on temperature
elevation in bone. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of two different working cycles on
temperature elevation during piezoelectric implant site preparation. Sixty osteotomies at a depth of
10 mm were performed on bone blocks of bovine ribs using a piezoelectric tip with external irrigation