Out-of-plane capacity equations for masonry infill walls accounting for openings and boundary conditions
A large part of 20th and 21st centuries’ residential buildings is characterised by reinforced concrete, or less frequently steel, frames filled with masonry walls. Recent seismic events have shown that failure of infills may occur under moderate earthquakes, inducing a risk to life and limb of occupants, as well as to construction cost of the building. For this reason, researches have been devoted to the capacity of infill walls carrying out both analytical and experimental tests, also in the out-of-plane direction.