Ricerc@Sapienza

The architectural heritage made of earth is widespread in different areas of the world. It has been studied enough, although without deepen the different local specificities, as it would be necessary for its wide diffusion. The theoretical reflection on its conservation, instead, has not reached, in all the countries, a level such as to avoid the systematic replacement of damaged original parts, with the definitive loss of original material.

The Aurelian Walls of Rome had extensive late medieval renovations. The constant characteristics of these restorations are the irregular arrangement of the stones of the outer layers ('flint', tuff, peperino, travertine, fragments of marble and brick) and the frequent presence of partial horizontal rows of brick. The mortars are lime and sand, almost all without pozzolana. This type of masonry is not rare in the Roman area, mainly in fortified buildings, dating back to the same centuries.

La storiografia architettonica è composta da livelli d’indagine diversi ma essenzialmente connessi fra loro: l’ambito territoriale, quello urbano e le parti del costruito. Lo studio delle strutture murarie, e quello delle tecniche costruttive in generale, rappresenta una delle componenti del processo storico-critico di conoscenza e d’interpretazione dell’architettura.

Voce di enciclopedia che descrive le principali tecniche costruttive in legno a partire dai rapporti con il contesto geografico e dell'individuazione delle due principali "famiglie" di tecniche costruttive: massicce e leggere.