Mixed beam formulation with cross-section warping for dynamic analysis of thin-walled structures
This paper presents the formulation of a three-dimensional beam finite element (FE) that accounts for cross-section warping and dynamic inertia effects. The model is the extension of an existing mixed formulation, originally developed for the static analysis of thin-walled beams, to the case of dynamic loading conditions. Four independent fields are considered to derive the element governing equations, i.e. material rigid displacements, strains and stresses and an additional displacement field, describing the out-of-plane warping displacement of the beam cross-sections.