Static and dynamic nonlinear response of masonry walls
A nonlocal damage-plastic model is proposed to investigate the mechanical response of masonry elements, under static and dynamic actions. The adopted constitutive relationship is able to capture degrading mechanisms due to propagation of microcracks and accumulation of irreversible strains. Moreover, the stiffness recovery, due to re-closure of tensile cracks when material undergoes compression strains, is taken into account to properly simulate the masonry cyclic response.