Ricerc@Sapienza

BACKGROUND: Resin infiltration proved to be effective
on enamel hypomineralized lesion of various etiologies, as
described by Paris et al. White spot post orthodontic lesions,
early enamel carious lesion, developmental defects of enamel
and mild fluorosis can be treated with good prognosis by
Iconâ. On the other hand, when a deeper configuration of
the lesion is found, as in severe fluorosis and post-traumatic
lesions, an experimental approach has been described by Attal
et al. The aim of this study was to present the clinical report

BACKGROUND: Iconâ proved to be effective on enamel
hypomineralized lesion with white demarcated and diffuse
clourimetric alteration, such as White Spot Lesion (WSL),
Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) and mild cases of
Fluorosis (1) (2) (3) (4)on the buccal side of aesthetic tooth.
Resin infiltration treatment increases the Refractive Index (RI)
of demineralized enamel. Paris et al. described the rising of
RI on infiltrated lesions, that took on the appearance of the
sound surrounding enamel (5). On the other hand, lesions with

Aim: Primary teeth are subjected to a continuous process of de- and re-mineralization. To prevent loss of dental tissues, fluoride-containing toothpastes have been successfully applied as a global solution to mainly prevent dental caries and promote tooth re-mineralization. However, the swallowing of a high amount of fluoride in younger children would lead to potential risk of fluorosis.

Today, biomaterial research on biomimetic mineralization strategies represents a new challenge in the prevention and cure of enamel mineral loss on delicate deciduous teeth. Distinctive assumptions about the origin, the growth, and the functionalization on the biomimetic materials have been recently proposed by scientific research studies in evaluating the different clinical aspects of treating the deciduous tooth. Therefore, appropriate morpho-chemical observations on delivering specific biomaterials to enamel teeth is the most important factor for controlling biomineralization processes.

Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
An evaluation method is proposed to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the clinical outcome of the enamel hypomineralization treatment with infiltrative resin in young adolescents. The aesthetic outcome is assessed before and after treatment by visual evaluation using FDI-colour match criteria and by spectrophotometric analysis using the CIEDE2000 colour difference formula. The visual (subjective) results are compared with the spectrophotometric (objective) approach.

Purpose
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease is a common problem usually diagnosed with white light laryngoscope and questionnaires. Some studies have proposed Narrow band imaging (NBI) laryngoscopy as a useful method for diagnosing LPR. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the potential use of NBI for the diagnosis and grading of LPR disease.
Methods