Inflammation and immune response in carotid artery stenosis
Atherosclerosis (ATS) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease representing the major cause of cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Among ASCVD, carotid artery stenosis (CS) represent a serious health problem worldwide causing =10% of strokes. Immune response underlying ATS is complex and is characterized by the activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this review article has been revised the contribution of the main cell populations and mediators involved in ATS.