Dose-dependent efficacy of β-blocker in patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
BACKGROUND: The usefulness of β-blockers in heart failure (HF) patients with permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) has been questioned.
beta-blocker
Choosing among β-blockers in heart failure patients according to β-receptors' location and functions in the cardiopulmonary system
Several large clinical trials showed a favorable effect of β-blocker treatment in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) as regards overall mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and hospitalizations. Indeed, the use of β-blockers is strongly recommended by current international guidelines, and it remains a cornerstone in the pharmacological treatment of HF.