Ricerc@Sapienza

Abstract Background: A wide debate is ongoing regarding the role of cutaneous dysbiosis in the pathogenesis and evolution of difficult-to-treat chronic wounds. Nowadays, probiotic treatment considered as an useful tool to counteract dysbio- sis but the evidence in regard to their therapeutic use in the setting of difficult-to-treat cutaneous ulcers is still poor.

BACKGROUND: The increasing antimicrobial resistance poses a challenge for surveillance systems and raises concerns about the impact of multidrug-resistant organisms on patient safety. OBJECTIVE: To estimate extra hospital stay and economic burden of infections due to alert organisms - mostly multidrug-resistant - in a teaching hospital. METHODS: The present retrospective matched cohort study was conducted through the analysis of hospital admissions at Sant'Andrea Teaching Hospital in Rome from April to December 2015.

Antibiotic resistance represents a major threat worldwide. Gram-positive and Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens are becoming resistant to all known drugs mainly because of the overuse and misuse of these medications and the lack of new antibiotic development by the pharmaceutical industry. There is an urgent need to discover structurally innovative antibacterial agents for which no pre-existing resistance is known. This work describes the identification, synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of 1,5-diphenylpyrrole compounds active against a panel of ESKAPE bacteria.

In this study we investigated VIM-1-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterobacter cloacae strains, isolated in 2019 during a period of active surveillance of carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales in a large university hospital in Italy. VIM-1-producing strains colonized the gut of patients, with up to three different VIM-1-positive bacterial species isolated from a single rectal swab, but also caused bloodstream infection to one colonized patient.

This paper focusses on biological hazards at the global level and considers the challenges to risk assessment (RA) from a One Health perspective. Two topics – vector-borne diseases (VBD) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) – are used to illustrate the challenges ahead and to explore the opportunities that new methodologies such as next-generation sequencing can offer. Globalisation brings complexity and introduces drivers for infectious diseases.