Ricerc@Sapienza

The high freshwater consumption requirements in shrimp biorefinery approaches represents one of the major drawbacks of implementing these technologies within the shrimp processing industry. This also affects the costs associated with the plant operation, and consequently, the overall economic performance of the project. The application of mass integration tools such as water pinch analysis can reduce frewshwater consumption by up to 80%, contributing to shrimp biorefinery sustainability.

Biotechnologic processes based on microalgae cultivations have had an increasing interest from the early 2000s. Microalgae are microorganisms able to produce and accumulate a large variety of industrially relevant compounds starting from renewable and cheap resources. However, 3–10 € per kg of dry biomass is the minimum cost for microalgae biomass production that has been estimated by different studies published in 2016. This high cost restricts industrial applications only to the production of high-value products.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are completely biodegradable polyesters and it is well known the ability of mixed microbial cultures (MMC) to produce them by using renewable resources (e.g. waste organic streams) as feedstock. MMC-PHA production typically involves a multi-stage process including the selection of PHA-storing microorganisms from the mixed culture. This usually occurs in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) operated under dynamic feeding regime whereby microorganisms undergo periods of high (feast) and low or none (famine) concentrations of external organic substrate.

The problem of waste disposal has recently focused on practices for waste recycling and bio-resources valorization. Organic waste produced in urban context together with biological sludge produced in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)can be used as renewable feedstock for the production of building blocks of different products, from biopolymers to methyl esters.

The updated Bioeconomy Strategy document “A sustainable bioeconomy for Europe: strengthening the connection between economy, society and the environment”, which was issued by the European Commission in October 2018, encourages the exploitation of organic wastes according to a pyramidal hierarchy in which the extraction of valuable biomolecules, which will be used as they are or as precursors of high-added-value compounds, is a priority in biofuel production.

This study investigates distillery wastewater, commonly known as vinasse, as a potential culture medium for the production of Chlorella vulgaris and its most relevant metabolites. The effect of vinasse concentration on the composition of the biomass (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) was evaluated in treatments performed in 6-L tubular air-lift reactors. The reactors were operated at 25 °C for 18 days, in total darkness, under a continuous flow of air. Results showed a rapid growth of microalgae in the first ten days, when an average production of 0.87 g/L was reached.

Both micro and macro algae have a potential to be a valuable feedstock for biorefineries. The theoretical impact assessment of this kind of plant can be carried out through an LCA, which is a key tool in order to evaluate the potential environmental impact of a process throughout its entire life cycle. Hence, it is a priority to perform an LCI with the aim of gathering all the data and simulating all the unit process of a theoretical biorefinery. The Inventory ensures to obtain a simple and immediate way to represent several aspects of a biorefinery, e.g.

The genusTalaromyceshas gained attention due to its ability to produce pigments with potential industrialapplications in different areas. Prosperous application of fungal pigments has challenges to overcome, like de-veloping a cost-effective bioprocess. Using agroindustrial wastes could provide inexpensive substrates and itcontributes to maximize sustainability. Therefore, this study evaluated the feasibility of using corncob as a low-cost substrate for pigment production byTalaromyces atroroseusGH2. An acid hydrolysis treatment was used torelease sugars from corncob.

The concept of biorefinery expands the possibilities to extract value from organic matter in form of either bespoke crops or organic waste. The viability of biorefinery schemes depends on the recovery of higher-value chemicals with potential for a wide distribution and an untapped marketability. The feasibility of biorefining organic waste is enhanced by the fact that the biorefinery will typically receive a waste management fee for accepting organic waste.