Ricerc@Sapienza

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies that may develop at any
level of the biliary tree. CCA is currently classified into intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA) and
distal (dCCA) on the basis of its anatomical location. Notably, although these three CCA subtypes
have common features, they also have important inter- and intra-tumor differences that can
affect their pathogenesis and outcome. A unique feature of CCA is that it manifests in the hepatic

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies that could develop at any level from the biliary tree. CCA is currently classified into intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar and distal on the basis of its anatomical location. Of note, these three CCA subtypes have common features but also important inter-tumor and intra-tumor differences that can affect the pathogenesis and outcome.

An HS-SPME/GC–MS (Head Space-Solid Phase Micro Extraction/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) method was developed and applied to 79 beers (craft and industrial products) selected among the most common brands of mass-produced beer to evaluate their flavour profile. 111 volatiles were identified in the samples. PLS-DA (Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis) was used to classify beers according to their different production methods.