Concrete vs asphalt. Pavement and lighting costs in Italian road tunnels
Synopsis: This paper compares the life-cycle costs of pavement and lighting when different pavement types are built in road tunnels. Two pavements, rigid and flexible, during 20 and 30-year service life and for different traffic conditions were analyzed. Tunnel lengths between 750 m [2,460 ft] to 2,000 m [6,562 ft] were considered. The methodologies used to design and maintain both the pavements and the LED lighting systems complied with the Italian standards and practices.