Ricerc@Sapienza

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent condition and it is a
major risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), cardiovascular disease, and premature death.
Some congenital and acquired anomalies of the kidneys and lower urinary tract (CAKUT and
CALUT) are well-known causes of CKD and ESRD, but often remain undiagnosed and their
prevalence is underestimated. This study aims to provide an overview that considered mainly
some of the major congenital and acquired urological diseases that could lead to renal clinical

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent condition and it is a major risk factor for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), cardiovascular disease, and premature death. Some congenital and acquired anomalies of the kidneys and lower urinary tract (CAKUT and CALUT) are well-known causes of CKD and ESRD, but often remain undiagnosed and their prevalence is underestimated.