Ricerc@Sapienza

We systematically reviewed data about the effect of exogenous estrogens and progestogens on the course of migraine during reproductive age. Thereafter a consensus procedure among international experts was undertaken to develop statements to support clinical decision making, in terms of possible effects on migraine course of exogenous estrogens and progestogens and on possible treatment of headache associated with the use or with the withdrawal of hormones. Overall, quality of current evidence is low.

Introduction: Migraine and combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) increase the risk of ischemic stroke in young women; however, the contribution of low-dose (<50 μg ethinylestradiol) CHCs to the risk of ischemic stroke in young women with migraine is not well defined. Areas covered: The authors performed a systematic review of observational studies indexed in PubMed and Scopus from inception to 22 May 2019, reporting the effect sizes of ischemic stroke in women with migraine using low-dose CHCs compared with those without migraine not using CHCs.

The authors take stock ofa 2018 report to the ltalian Parliament by the ltalian Ministry ofHealth, highlighting how hard it stili is for ltaly to guarantee access to abortion services 40 years after the enactment of law n. 194/78. Despite constantly declining abortion rates, use of emergency contraception methods is on the rise, which leads to endometrial alterations and prevent the fertilized embryo from lodging into the matemal~womb, resulting in the forrner 's destruction.

Introduction
Hormonal contraceptives are among the most popular contraceptives used by women worldwide. Long-term adherence may vary significantly among users because of fear of side effects, unhealthy habits, and lack of knowledge, despite their proven effectiveness.
Aim
To analyze the psychological, relational, sexual, and cultural factors associated with choice and use of hormonal contraceptives. We highlight the importance of a biopsychosocial approach to contraceptive counseling.
Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted in September 2018.

Purpose: The Italian Society of Contraception identified as one of its priorities the need to give recommendations on management of contraception during Coronavirus-Covid 19 pandemia Materials and methods: A concise communication was produced which summarises in an easy-to-read format suitable for clinicians the management of the different contraceptives mostly used. Information how to manage contraception in different conditions is presented. Results: Women may, in general, continue to use either intrauterine and or hormonal contraceptives.