Ricerc@Sapienza

Purpose: The aim of the study is to detect the effect of the different intravitreal therapies (anti-VEFG drugs and corticosteroids) on the single layer of retinal ganglion cells (GCL) in patients affected by macular edema. Methods: Forty (17 males/23 females) Caucasian patients (40 eyes) affected by macular edema treated with intravitreal injections (anti-VEGF and steroids) are included. Spectralis HRA-OCT device with a specific protocol for the acquisition and evaluation of the GCL layer has been used.

The world population is increasing and there is a growing demand for food, leading to intensification of farming methods and a requirement for more coadjuvants. Potential high profits sometimes lead to fraudulent use of drugs and pesticides. Veterinary drugs in particular can pose a real risk to human health if their residues are allowed to enter the food chain. Parent drugs and their metabolites can occur in foodstuffs individually or as multicomponent mixtures with enhanced adverse effects.

The circadian rhythm derives from the integration of many signals that shape the expression of clock-related genes in a 24-hour cycle. Biological tasks, including cell proliferation, differentiation, energy storage and immune regulation, are preferentially confined to specific periods. A gating system, supervised by the central and peripheral clocks, coordinates the endogenous and exogenous signals and prepares for transition to activities confined to periods of light or darkness. The fluctuations of cortisol and its receptor are crucial in modulating these signals.