Ricerc@Sapienza

The global affirmation of an economic-administrative form of government and the extension of a business rationale to all public and private spheres, to political, social, and even strictly economic domains, implied a profound change. This transformation is at the core of this essay.

In principle, a careful evaluation of costs and benefits should be a wise rule for everyone who has to take any important decision. In particular, it is very important when a payment system reform is at stake. Since many stakeholders are involved in a payment system reform, the final decisions are going to be the result of several cost-benefit analyses and of “negotiation” among economic agents, in particular system providers, system participants, and end users. In this paper we will only focus on cost-benefit analysis, providing both theoretical guidelines and numerical examples.

At the onset of the 2nd millennium bc, a wool economy emerged across continental Europe. Archaeological, iconographical, and written sources from the Near East and the Aegean show that a Bronze Age wool economy involved considerable specialised labour and large scale animal husbandry.

The article focuses on the main aspects of economic policies in
Eastern Europe after the Peace Treaty of Versailles, when the whole region witnessed
the collapse of the old multinational empires and their replacement with national states
that were theoretically built according to the principle of national self­determination,
though they were in many cases as ethnically mixed as the old empires. As a matter of
fact, the new frontiers did not perfectly correspond to the ethnic divisions among the

La consapevolezza collettiva dei problemi che riguardano la natura sociale ed economica, il governo, la mobilità e l’ambiente hanno reso necessario ripensare alle città, luoghi sensibili per eccellenza, in termini di Smart Cities.
La commissione europea ha promosso nel 2011 l’iniziativa Smart Cities and Communities attraverso la quale ha dettato le linee guida per lo sviluppo delle città in maniera intelligente, in controtendenza a un malessere ambientale e ai danni prodotti dalla globalizzazione.

Functional transport systems represent an important place in terms of the population mobility and generate a prerequisite for the economic-related development among individual regions. Population mobility increase in recent decades also pushes a question regarding the sustainable development of various world economies. However, a growing need to travel brings negative environmental impacts and points to the necessity for environmental protection.