Ricerc@Sapienza

Auxiliary-battery-based substations (ABSs) can enhance conventional railway feeder systems. In particular, ABSs make dc feeders located in areas far from the ac grid able to power high-performance passenger and freight trains and store their braking energy. This paper proposes a techno-economic method to define size, position along the track, and control parameters of an ABS, with the goal to minimize the annual cost of energy. Our approach takes into account the replacements of battery modules within the ABS's expected lifetime in order to reduce costs.

The use of energy storage with high power density and fast response time at container terminals (CTs) with a power demand of tens of megawatts is one of the most critical factors for peak reduction and economic benefits. Peak shaving can balance the load demand and facilitate the participation of small power units in generation based on renewable energies. Therefore, in this paper, the economic efficiency of peak demand reduction in ship to shore (STS) cranes based on the ultracapacitor (UC) energy storage sizing has been investigated.