When all seemed lost. A social network analysis of the waste-related environmental movement in Campania, Italy
The Italian region of Campania and its capital Naples have epitomized waste management failure in Europe since 2008 when international media covered extensively the waste crisis occurring there. In response to the crisis, the Italian national government took an authoritarian turn in waste policies and criminalized citizens’ grievances and mobilizations against waste-facility siting in Campania. The state authorities’ intervention gained popular consent and obscured the multifaceted and unjust geographies of waste management in the region.