Ricerc@Sapienza

Physical frailty and sarcopenia (PF&S) is a prototypical geriatric condition characterized by reduced physical function and low muscle mass. The multifaceted pathophysiology of this condition recapitulates all hallmarks of aging making the identification of specific biomarkers challenging. In the present study, we explored the relationship among three processes that are thought to be involved in PF&S (i.e., systemic inflammation, amino acid dysmetabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction).

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory systemic disease caused by deregulation of the interleukin-23/-17 axis that allows the activation of Th17 lymphocytes and the reprogramming of keratinocytes proliferative response, thereby inducing the secretion of cyto-/chemokines and antimicrobial peptides. Beside cell-to-cell contacts and release of cytokines, hormones and second messengers, cells communicate each other through the release of extracellular vesicles containing DNA, RNA, microRNAs and proteins.

We show that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by mesenchymal cells (i.e., fibro–adipogenic progenitors—FAPs) mediate microRNA (miR) transfer to muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and that exposure of dystrophic FAPs to HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) increases the intra-EV levels of a subset of miRs, which cooperatively target biological processes of therapeutic interest, including regeneration, fibrosis, and inflammation.

Introduction: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a liver cancer derived from the biliary tree with a less than 30% five-year survival rate. Early diagnosis of CCA is challenging and treatment options are limited. Some CCA patients have genetic mutations and several therapeutic drugs or antibodies have been introduced to target abnormally expressed proteins. However, CCA is heterogeneous and patients often present with drug resistance which is attributed to multiple mutations or other factors. Novel approaches and methodologies for CCA treatments are in demand.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely investigated in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) for their involvement in regulating GBM pathobiology as well as for their use as potential biomarkers. EVs, through cell-to-cell communication, can deliver proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that are able to reprogram tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This research is aimed to concentrate, characterize, and identify molecular markers of EVs subtypes released by temozolomide (TMZ)-treated and non TMZ-treated four diverse GBM cells.

Extracellular-released vesicles (EVs), such as microvesicles (MV) and exosomes (Exo)
provide a new type of inter-cellular communication, directly transferring a ready to use
box of information, consisting of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. In the nervous
system, EVs participate to neuron-glial cross-talk, a bidirectional communication
important to preserve brain homeostasis and, when dysfunctional, involved in several
CNS diseases. We investigated whether microglia-derived EVs could be used to transfer

Cancer cells are able to release high amounts of extracellular vesicles, thereby conditioning the normal cells in the surrounding tissue and/or in distant target organs. In the context of bone cancers, previous studies suggested that osteosarcoma cancer cells produce transforming extracellular vesicles able to induce a tumour-like phenotype in normal recipient cells.

NK cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system, which are able to deal promptly with stressed cells. Cellular senescence is a cell stress response leading to cell cycle arrest that plays a key role during tissue homeostasis and carcinogenesis. In this review, how senescent cells trigger an immune response and, in particular, the ability of NK cells to recognize and clear senescent cells are discussed. Special attention is given to the NK cell-mediated clearance of senescent tumor cells.

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that play a major role in the immune surveillance against tumors and their activity is regulated through signals derived by a number of NK cell inhibitory and activating receptors as well as cytokines and other soluble factors released in the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles secreted by all cell types, both in healthy and diseased conditions, and are important mediators of intercellular communication.

In the last decade, the use of microRNA (miRNA) and extracellular vesicle (EV) therapies has emerged as an alternative approach to mitigate the negative
effects of several disease pathologies ranging from cancer to tissue and organ regeneration; however, delivery approaches toward target tissues have not
been optimized. To alleviate these challenges, including rapid diffusion upon injection and susceptibility to degradation, porcine-derived decellularized