Ricerc@Sapienza

Exploiting a genealogy of English individuals living in the 16th to the 19th centuries, this study shows that lower parental reproductive capacity positively affected the socio-economic achievements of offspring. Using the time interval between the date of marriage and the first birth as a measure of reproductive capacity, we find that parental fecundity positively affected the number of siblings and that children of parents with lower fecundity were more likely to become literate and employed in skilled and high-income professions.

We analyse the association between fertility rates and well-being in the Italian regions in the period 2012-2017. Well-being is measured by the indicators of Equitable and Sustainable Well-being (BES), collected by ISTAT since 2013 with the aim of evaluating the economic, social and environmental development of the society through measurement of citizens’ life quality. We expect that the regions performing better in terms of well-being conditions are also those with the highest levels of fertility.

After second demographic transition, substantial regional variation in fertility levels has continued to exist within contemporary European low-fertility societies. A large part of this variability is explainable in terms of individual preferences, socio-economic and cultural conditions and in terms of the direct or indirect policy measures aimed at sustaining the families and their childbearing.

At the start of the third millennium, the path towards gender equality more uncertain than ever. Changes in behaviours in the areas of private and public life reveal the permanence of a structural principle of masculine domination. While the behaviours and trajectories of men and women have relatively converged in recent years, they have not fundamentally challenged the social division of gender roles. To understand this evolution in gender relations, one has to examine the content and effects of the changes that have occurred, and assess their scope.

Egypt is already the most populous Arab country in the world with 93 million citizens in 2016 which may grow to about 120 million by 2030 if the same level of fertility continues. This paper aims to offer an overview of the evolution over time of the ideal number of children in Egypt, assessing previous researches and giving a particular emphasis on most recent data on such topic. In a context of raising fertility, whose causes are still unknown, we test the persistence of a high ideal number of children among younger cohorts.

The demographic challenges of the Mediterranean are not well known. Indeed, major societal changes are taking place in the region: young people’s expectations, women’s desire for greater autonomy, male-female and intergenerational relations, and the forms and size of families. These transformations have consequences on Mediterranean demographics: progress in women’s education, decline in fertility indicators, reduction in intergenerational cohabitation, rural exodus, and an increase in single-parenthood and single households.

Although unilateral oophorectomies are performed more often than bilateral ones in women of reproductive age, their clinical consequences have been less intensively investigated. Experimental models in animals have shown that compensa- tory mechanisms occur after a unilateral oophorectomy (UO). This review aims to summarize the available evidence on the biological effects of unilateral oophorectomy on wom- en.

Background: Spermatogenesis is a process of dynamic cell differentiation. Ionizing radiation impairs spermatogenesis, and spermatogonia are more radiosensitive than spermatocytes or spermatids. Consistent with this assumption and due to improvement in tumor curability, nowadays, fertility preservation represents a public health need. Objectives: To discuss radiotherapy-induced risk to male fertility and raise oncologic awareness of male fertility in daily clinical practice. Materials and Methods: PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched for papers in English.

We develop an overlapping generations model to study how the interplay between social and human capital affects fertility. In a framework where families face a trade-off between the quantity and quality of children, we incorporate the assumption that social capital plays a key role in the accumulation of human capital. We show how the erosion of social capital can trigger a chain of reactions leading households to base their childbearing decisions on quantity, instead of quality, resulting in higher fertility

Italy is characterised by both a low level of female participation in the labour
market and a low fertility rate. At the same time, many women stay out of the labour
market after the childbirth for a much longer period of time than the compulsory
maternity leave prescribes. This way, they put at risk the possibility of reentering
the labour market after the career break, as well as damage their future
career opportunities. In this paper we use a two-stage estimation process to analyse