Mesopotamia

Representations of violence in Ancient Mesopotamia and Syria

The theme of violence is largely represented in the visual media of ancient Mesopotamia and Syria, from ancient times (fourth millennium BCE) up to the periods of the great empires of Assyria and Babylonia in the first millennium CE. Violent scenes, mostly related to war, principally show the punishment and killing of enemies according to recurrent visual topoi – such as beheading, beating, impalement, blinding, cutting and amputation of limbs – on different media, from cylinder seals to inlays and larger reliefs.

Aššur is King! The metaphorical implications of embodiment, personification, and transference in Ancient Assyria

The use of metaphor deeply and intrinsically characterizes the human mind, specifically in the creation of language: often simply intended as a rhetoric figure of speech, metaphor has many different and consequent implications in the description and representation of the world, in particular for what concerns the expression of emotions and feelings. Metaphors are a cognitive instrument that allows humans to see and represent the world around them and to perceive their body within a system of other bodies that have the same possibilities and capabilities of perceiving and interacting.

The Italian Archaeological Excavations at Tell Zurghul, ancient Nigin, Iraq. Final Report of the Seasons 2015-2017

The Italian Archaeological Expedition to Nigin of Sapienza University of Rome and University of Perugia started excavations at Tell Zurghul in 2015: a survey and three excavations seasons were carried out in the period between 2016 and 2017. This volume presents the results of the archaeological explorations with the analysis of the stratigraphic and architectural contexts of Area A, B and D as well as the study of the pottery from the contexts so far investigated and the survey in Area C in the western sector of the site.

Preliminary report of the first archaeological campaign at Tell Zurghul / Nigin in the Dhi Qar Region, Iraq

In 2015, the joint Italian expedition of the Università degli Studi di Perugia and Sapienza Università di Roma started the exploration of the site of Tell
Zurghul in the province of Dhi Qar, in southern Iraq. Tell Zurghul, a site of nearly 70 hectares, is located about 7 km south-east from Lagash and corresponds to the ancient Sumerian city of Nigin (formerly written as Nina).

Nigin. Alle origini della civiltà

In Bassa Mesopotamia, dove sorsero le prime città-stato, una missione archeologica italiana sta indagando l'antico centro sumerico di Nigin nell'antica regione dello Stato di Lagash. L'occupazione del centro risale alla metà del V millennio a.C. rivelando interessanti prospettive per la comprensione storica della regione e la relazione con l'ambiente acquatico circostante.

Neglected Source of Prosperity. Marsh resources and the role of the enku in Third millennium BC Southern Mesopotamia

Recent studies have discussed the importance of marshes in the economic landscape of Southern Mesopotamia in the fourth and third millennium BC. If, on the one side, extant documentation offers abundant evidence for marsh natural products, on the other one, mentions of marshes as place of provenance of incoming commodities are quite scarce. This might be due to several factors, among them, to the fact that in economic texts the information about the provenance of incoming commodities can be simply replaced by the name of agents who had to supply specific commodities.

Ninmaḫ and Her Imperfect Creatures: The Bed Wetting Man and Remedies to Cure Enuresis (STT 238)

In this article I present an edition of a Neo-Assyrian tablet from Sultantepe two recipes to cure a man who wets his bed. The first recipe comprises a ritual, the second only a potion; both are followed by an invocation to the goddess Ninmah. Through the analysis of parallel texts (BAM 115; STT 239 and VAT 13682), I discuss the diagnostic (), and the two recipes, focusing on the ritual.

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