Ricerc@Sapienza

Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disorder affecting the respiratory, digestive, reproductive systems and sweat glands. This lethal hereditary disease has known or suspected links to the dysbiosis gut microbiota. High-throughput meta-omics-based approaches may assist in unveiling this complex network of symbiosis modifications. Objectives The aim of this study was to provide a predictive and functional model of the gut microbiota enterophenotype of pediatric patients affected by CF under clinical stability.

The Lateglacial/early Holocene sediments from the ancient lake at Hasseldala Port, southern Sweden provide an important archive for the environmental and climatic shifts at the end of the last ice age and the transition into the present Interglacial. The existing multi-proxy data set highlights the complex interplay of physical and ecological changes in response to climatic shifts and lake status changes. Yet, it remains unclear how microorganisms, such as Archaea, which do not leave microscopic features in the sedimentary record, were affected by these climatic shifts.

The analysis of microbiota composition in humans, animals, and built environments is important because of emerging roles and applications in a broad range of disease and ecological phenotypes. Next Generation Sequencing is the current method of choice to characterize microbial community composition. The taxonomic profile of a microbial community can be obtained either by shotgun analysis of random DNA fragments or through 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) amplicon sequencing.

Background and Aims. Recent evidence implicates gut microbiota
(GM) and immune alterations in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We assess
GM profile and peripheral levels of immunological, neuronal and bacterial
molecules in ASD children and controls. Alarmin HMGB1 was explored as a
non-invasive biomarker to monitor gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.
Methods.Thirty ASD children and 14 controls entered into the study. GM
metagenomic analysis was performed for 16 ASD patients and 7 controls. GM

Metagenomics is one of the newest omics system science technologies but also one that has arguably the broadest set of applications and impacts globally. Metagenomics has found vast utility not only in environmental sciences, ecology and public health but also in clinical medicine and looking into the future, in planetary health. In line with the One Health concept, metagenomics solicits collaboration between molecular biologists, geneticists, microbiologists, clinicians, computational biologists, plant biologists, veterinarians and other healthcare professionals.

Metagenomics has gained worldwide prominence as one of the indispensable omics technologies over the past several years in particular. Metagenomics applications in clinical medicine, ecology, planetary health and built environments are increasingly reported in the literature. Many countries are both striving and struggling to cultivate metagenomics scholarship as one of the drivers of life sciences innovation in early 21st century. Italy is no exception and has made important strides in metagenomics over the past decade.