Ricerc@Sapienza

Oxidative stress plays an important role in chronic respiratory diseases where the use of non-invasive ventilation seems to reduce the oxidative damage. Data on acute respiratory failure are still lacking. The aim of the study is to investigate the interplay between oxidative stress and acute respiratory failure, and the role of non-invasive ventilation in this setting. We enrolled 60 patients suffering from acute respiratory failure (PaO2/FiO2 ratio <300): 30 consecutive patients treated with non-invasive ventilation and 30 consecutive patients treated with conventional oxygen therapy.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are characterized by increased oxidative stress, but the impact of the coexistence of COPD and AF on systemic oxidative stress is unclear. We performed a cross-sectional study including 157 outpatients to investigate the Nox2-related oxidative stress in patients with AF and COPD. COPD was defined by an FEV1/FVC <0.70. Oxidative stress was measured by sNox2-dp, a marker of Nox2 activation, and urinary isoprostanes.

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Factors inducing oxidative stress in NAFLD may be several; however, a relationship with the adherence to Mediterranean Diet (Med-diet) and with serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been poorly investigated in this setting. The aim was to investigate factors associated with impaired oxidative stress in NAFLD, focusing on the potential role of LPS and Med-diet.

Aims: Recent studies hypothesized a role of gut microbiota favoring atherosclerosis via an increased oxidative stress, but data in peripheral artery disease (PAD) have not been provided yet. The aim of this study was to assess serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as oxidative stress in PAD patients and controls (CT). Furthermore, we wanted to analyze the relationship between LPS and the severity of atherosclerosis in the lower limb arteries.Results: Eighty consecutive subjects, including 40 PAD patients and 40 CT were recruited.

Background: High levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) is predictive of cardiovascular events (CVEs) in atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that PCSK9 may directly induce platelet activation (PA).

NOX2 has a key role for cellular production of reactive oxidant species (ROS) and although the mechanism of its activation is well known, little is known about its regulation. Metallo-proteinases (MMPs) regulate numerous protein activities both in physiological and pathological conditions but their interplay with NOX2 and ROS formation is still unclear. We performed experimental studies in human platelets and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to investigate the interplay of MMP2 with NOX2 activity.

Background. Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis represent a growing cause of disability in the developed countries. The underlying physiopathology is still unclear. Several lines of evidence suggest a role for oxidative stress and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in the neuropathological pathways that lead to ND.

Throughout life, stress stimuli act upon the brain leading to morphological and functional
changes in advanced age, when it is likely to develop neurodegenerative disorders.
There is an increasing need to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying aging,
in a world where populations are getting older. Egr-1 (early growth response 1), a
transcriptional factor involved in cell survival, proliferation and differentiation – with a role
also in memory, cognition and synaptic plasticity, can be implicated in the molecular

Background Little clinical research on new-generation heat-not-burn cigarettes ( HNBC ) in comparison with electronic vaping cigarettes ( EVC ) and traditional tobacco combustion cigarettes ( TC ) has been reported. We aimed to appraise the acute effects of single use of HNBC , EVC, and TC in healthy smokers. Methods and Results This was an independent, cross-over, randomized trial in 20 TC smokers, with allocation to different cycles of HNBC , EVC , and TC . All participants used all types of products, with an intercycle washout of 1 week.