Ricerc@Sapienza

Abstract: Background: Ankyloglossia is an anatomical alteration of the frenulum length, volume,
compactness, and insertion. It can lead to alterations in the ability to swallow and chewing, and
dysfunctional coordination amongst cranio-facial muscles; these alterations are often responsible for
respiratory alterations, skeletal malocclusions and dyslalia or the delay of speech. The aim of this study
is to estimate the efficacy of lingual frenulectomy with diode-laser technology through a qualitative

Participants in the 2018 ERS summer schools of adult and paediatric respiratory medicine describe their experiences.

In this article, the Group Chairs of the Paediatric Assembly of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) highlight some of the most interesting abstracts presented at the 2016 ERS International Congress, which was held in London.

Abnormal adrenal function can interfere with linear growth, potentially causing either acceleration or impairment of growth in paediatric patients. These abnormalities can be caused by direct effects of adrenal hormones, particularly glucocorticoids and sex steroids, or be mediated by indirect mechanisms such as the disturbance of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis and aromatization of androgens to oestrogens. The early diagnosis and optimal treatment of adrenal disorders can prevent or minimize growth disturbance and facilitate improved height gain.