Ricerc@Sapienza

Objective: The relation between nasal flow and malocclusion represents a practical concern to pediatricians, otorhinolaryngologists, orthodontists, allergists and speech therapists. If naso-respiratory function may influence craniofacial growth is still debated. Chronic mouth-breathing is reported to be associated also with a characteristic pattern of dental occlusion. On the other hand, also malocclusion may reduce nasal air flows promoting nasal obstruction. Hereby, the aim of this review was to describe the relationship between rhinitis and malocclusion in children.

To identify differences between two cohorts of adult and pediatric patients affected by Crohn’s disease (CD), withregard to lesion location in the small intestine and colon-rectum, lesion activity, and prevalence of perianal disease (PD), usingMRI as the main diagnostic tool.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 350 consecutive MRI examinations performed between 2013 and 2016 in outpa-tients or inpatients with histologically proven CD, monitored by the Gastroenterology and Pediatric Units of our Hospital.The magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) protocol for adult and pediatric CD patients rou

Background and Aims: A growing body of evidence supports the need for detailed attention to nutrition and diet in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to define the steps in instituting dietary or nutritional management in light of the current evidence and to offer a useful and practical guide to physicians and dieticians involved in the care of pediatric IBD patients.

VBACKGROUND: Vaccine-preventable diseases and opportunistic infections in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasingly recognized issues. The aims of this study were to evaluate vaccinations, immunization status, and consequent therapeutic management in children with IBD and to analyze the differences among patients diagnosed before (Group 1) and after June 2012 (Group 2). METHODS: This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort investigation. Between July 2016 and July 2017, 430 children with IBD were enrolled in 13 centers.

Aim: To investigate by meta-analysis the efficacy of gelatin tannate (GT), a mucosal barrier protector, in children with acute gastroenteritis. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted. Studies were selected according to PICO: Participants: children aged 0-12 years with acute diarrhea; Intervention: GT; Comparison: oral rehydration solution and/or placebo; Outcomes: diarrhea-related outcomes. Results: Three published randomized controlled trials were identified of pediatric diarrhea treated with GT (n = 203) or control (n = 204).

Background:This crossover, randomized, double-blind study (conducted over a 32-week period) was performed todetermine, in clinically stable Cystic fibrosis (CF) preschool children: the effects of 7% inhaled hypertonic saline onspirometry and interrupter resistance technique (Rint), and the possible side effects.Methods:Twelve CF children (6M, mean age ± SD: 5.7 ± 0.8 yrs) were enrolled and randomly assigned to receivehypertonic saline (HS-4 ml 7% sodium chloride), or normal saline (NS-0.9% sodium chloride) twice a day.

Aim: Febrile seizures (FS) involve 2–5% of the paediatric population, among which Complex FS (CFS) account for one third of accesses for FS in Emergency Departments (EDs).
The aim of our study was to define the epidemiology, the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic approach to FS and CFSs in the Italian EDs.
Methods: A multicenter prospective observational study was performed between April 2014 and March 2015.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of the study was to systematically review the diagnostic utility of serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
METHODS:

We conducted an electronic and manual search of the available evidence. We included studies reporting data on the diagnostic accuracy of "serum" biomarkers for the diagnosis of NEC, available until January 2016.
RESULTS:

The underlying cause of morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF) is the decline in lung function, which results in part from chronic inflammation. Inflammation and infection occur early in infancy in CF and the role of innate immune defense in CF has been highlighted in the last years. Once thought simply to be consumers of bacteria, macrophages have emerged as highly sensitive immune cells that are located at the balance point between inflammation and resolution of this inflammation in CF pathophysiology.

Background: The role of human bocavirus (HBoV) as a respiratory pathogen has not been fulfilled yet. We aimed to describe clinical and serological characteristics of children with HBoV hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infection and to evaluate whether differences occur between HBoV alone and in co-infection.