Ricerc@Sapienza

Objective: The relation between nasal flow and malocclusion represents a practical concern to pediatricians, otorhinolaryngologists, orthodontists, allergists and speech therapists. If naso-respiratory function may influence craniofacial growth is still debated. Chronic mouth-breathing is reported to be associated also with a characteristic pattern of dental occlusion. On the other hand, also malocclusion may reduce nasal air flows promoting nasal obstruction. Hereby, the aim of this review was to describe the relationship between rhinitis and malocclusion in children.

Background:This crossover, randomized, double-blind study (conducted over a 32-week period) was performed todetermine, in clinically stable Cystic fibrosis (CF) preschool children: the effects of 7% inhaled hypertonic saline onspirometry and interrupter resistance technique (Rint), and the possible side effects.Methods:Twelve CF children (6M, mean age ± SD: 5.7 ± 0.8 yrs) were enrolled and randomly assigned to receivehypertonic saline (HS-4 ml 7% sodium chloride), or normal saline (NS-0.9% sodium chloride) twice a day.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of the study was to systematically review the diagnostic utility of serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
METHODS:

We conducted an electronic and manual search of the available evidence. We included studies reporting data on the diagnostic accuracy of "serum" biomarkers for the diagnosis of NEC, available until January 2016.
RESULTS:

The underlying cause of morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF) is the decline in lung function, which results in part from chronic inflammation. Inflammation and infection occur early in infancy in CF and the role of innate immune defense in CF has been highlighted in the last years. Once thought simply to be consumers of bacteria, macrophages have emerged as highly sensitive immune cells that are located at the balance point between inflammation and resolution of this inflammation in CF pathophysiology.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of infant hospitalization and causes a high burden of disease in the elderly, too. This enveloped negative-stranded RNA virus has been recently reclassified in the Pneumoviridae family. Infections of the respiratory cells happens when the two major surface glycoproteins, G and F, take contact with the cell receptor CX3CR1 and mediate entry by fusion, respectively.

During the past decades, several discoveries have established the role of epigenetic modifications and cellularmicroenvironment in tumor growth and progression. One of the main representatives concerning epigenetic modification is the polycomb group (PcG). It is composed of different highly conserved epigenetic effector proteins preserving, through several post-translational modifications of histones, the silenced state of the genes implicated in a wide range of central biological events such as development, stem cell formation, and tumor progression.