Ricerc@Sapienza

Overactivation of the c‐MET/HGF system is a feature of many cancers. We previously reported that type II testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) cells express the c‐MET receptor, forming non‐seminomatous lesions that are more positive compared with seminomatous ones. Notably, we also demonstrated that NT2D1 non‐seminomatous cells (derived from an embryonal carcinoma lesion) increase their proliferation, migration, and invasion in response to HGF.

Introduction CD28 is a crucial costimulatory receptor necessary for full T cell activation. One important contribution of CD28 to T cell activation relies on its ability to regulate T cell metabolism by enhancing nutrient uptake, aerobic glycolysis and anabolic pathways. Indeed, CD28 binds class 1A PI3K that in turn recruits and activates the PDK1/Akt/mTOR pathway. We have recently found that CD28 stimulation strongly up-regulates the expression of cytokines related to the Th17 cell phenotype in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients.