reduction

Combined production of metallic-iron nanoparticles: exergy and energy analysis of two alternative processes using Hydrazine and NaBH4 as reducing agents

This study deals with the simulation of two alternative processes for the coupled production of metallic iron nanoparticles and the necessary reducing agent: hydrated hydrazine and sodium borohydride. After carrying out a sensitivity analysis to identify the optimal operating conditions for each process, the results have been interpreted in the light of energy and exergy analysis.

A compared experimental and theoretical study of the mechanism of graphene oxide mild reduction by ascorbic acid and N-acetyl cysteine for biomedical applications

A first comparison of the behavior of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and ascorbic acid (H2A) towards reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is reported, along with the novel proposition of the associated reaction mechanisms. NAC and H2A are green multi-valent reducing agents, which lead to a mild and biocompatible chemical reduction of oxygenated functional groups in GO. Such reduction has been demonstrated to significantly improve the suitability of GO as a substrate in biomedical applications.

I principi europei sui metodi alternativi alla sperimentazione animale

Il contributo, partendo dal principio europeo del benessere animale di cui all'articolo 13 del Trattato sul Funzionamento dell'Unione Europea, si occupa della direttiva n 63 del 2010 sulla protezione degli animali nella sperimentazione animale focalizzandosi sulle disposizioni della direttiva che prevedono l'obbligo di ricorrere a metodi alternativa alla sperimentazione animale, ove presenti.

Mono and dihydroxy coumarin derivatives: copper chelation and reduction ability

Due to the limited array of the currently available copper chelators, research of such compounds continues to be of clinical interest. Notably, o-dihydroxycoumarins have been previously shown to be potent iron chelators under neutral conditions. Within this study, the interaction of a series of natural coumarins and their synthetic analogs with copper has been evaluated in order to obtain structure-activity relationships under different pathophysiological pH conditions. Both competitive and non-competitive methods have been employed.

Les niveaux de la transcendance et la phénoménologie de la religion

In the natural attitude, and in the ordinary language, religion is strictly bound to transcendence.
In this paper I ask whether the concept of “transcendence” is legitimate in the phenomenological
dimension, which is opened by the methodological operation of reduction
to the immanence of transcendental consciousness. By examining how “transcendence”
gains increasingly importance in Husserl’s thought, the necessity emerges to distinguish
three levels of it: intentional (or horizontal) transcendence, intersubjective transcendence

Hotspots of human impact on threatened terrestrial vertebrates

Conserving threatened species requires identifying where across their range they are being impacted by threats, yet this remains unresolved across most of Earth. Here, we present a global analysis of cumulative human impacts on threatened species by using a spatial framework that jointly considers the co-occurrence of eight threatening processes and the distribution of 5,457 terrestrial vertebrates. We show that impacts to species are widespread, occurring across 84% of Earth’s surface, and identify hotspots of impacted species richness and coolspots of unimpacted species richness.

Mathematical modelling of simultaneous nitrate and dissolved oxygen reduction by Cu-nZVI using a bi-component shrinking core model

This article proposes the aqueous system Cu-Fe(0)/NO3 ? mathematical modelling through a classical shrinking core model, taking into account the presence of dissolved oxygen in the reaction medium and considering it in the model equation. In this work the nitrate reduction to ammonia was assumed to occur onto the lab-made bimetallic nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) surface, simultaneously with the nZVI consumption due to the oxidation carried out by dissolved oxygen.

Stepwise “bridge-to-bridge” reduction of monoclonal antibodies and light chain detection: case studies of tenatumomab and trastuzumab

Monoclonal antibodies are pharmaceutical products that because of their biological origin are characterized by the presence of countless variants, which are generated by post‐translational modifications, during purification or storage. Among these modifications the disulfide bridges variants are of considerable importance, for example their status can affect the correct Y‐shape of antibody.

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