Hitting More Birds with a Stone: Impact of TGF-? on ILC Activity in Cancer
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-? is a central immunosuppressive cytokine within tumor microenvironment inhibiting the expansion and function of major cellular components of adaptive and innate immune system. Among them, compelling evidence has demonstrated that TGF-? is a key regulator of natural killer (NK) cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) with a critical role in immunosurveillance against different kinds of cancer cells. A TGF-? rich tumor microenvironment blocks NK cell activity at multiple levels.