Left hepatectomy with concomitant cavo-atrial and biliary tumor thrombectomy for invasive hepatocellular carcinoma: a video report
HCC accounts for 90% of primary hepatic malignancies. Its 5-year survival rate has been estimated to be as low as 5% in the subpopulation of non-transplantable patients (2). HCC is endowed with a highly aggressive potential, possibly giving rise to tumor growth within blood vessels and resulting in neoplastic thrombosis of major vasculature, due to its remarkable vascular affinity. Widely reported in literature is the involvement of the portal system, variably described as an autoptic finding in 26–80% of HCCs, carrying a well-defined negative prognostic value (1,6).