Ricerc@Sapienza

Ascaridoid nematodes are widespread in marine fishes. Despite their major socioeconomic importance, mechanisms associated to the fish-borne zoonotic disease anisakiasis are still obscure. RNA-Seq and de-novo assembly were herein applied to RNA extracted from larvae and dissected pharynx of Hysterothylacium aduncum (HA), a non-pathogenic nematode. Assembled transcripts in HA were annotated and compared to the transcriptomes of the zoonotic species Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (AS) and Anisakis pegreffii (AP). Approximately 60,000,000 single-end reads were generated for HA, AS and AP.

Background: Saliva of mosquitoes contains anti-platelet, anti-clotting, vasodilatory, anti-complement and antiinflammatory
substances that help the blood feeding process. The salivary polypeptides are at a fast pace of
evolution possibly due to their relative lack of structural constraint and possibly also by positive selection on their
genes leading to evasion of host immune pressure.
Results: In this study, we used deep mRNA sequence to uncover for the first time the sialomes of four Amazonian

Medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity (MBEN) is one of the few central nervous system (CNS) tumor entities occurring in infants which is traditionally associated with good to excellent prognosis. Some MBEN, however, have been reported with an unfavorable clinical course. We performed an integrated DNA/RNA-based molecular analysis of a multi-institutional MBEN cohort (n = 41) to identify molecular events which might be responsible for variability in patients’ clinical outcomes.

Background: According to the cancer stem cells (CSCs) hypothesis, a population of cancer cells with stem cell properties is responsible for tumor propagation, drug resistance, and disease recurrence. Study of the mechanisms responsible for lung CSCs propagation is expected to provide better understanding of cancer biology and new opportunities for therapy. Methods: The Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) NCI-H460 cell line was grown either as 2D or as 3D cultures. Transcriptomic and genome-wide chromatin accessibility studies of 2D vs.

Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Ixodida: Ixodidae) is possibly the most widespread tick species worldwide, responsible for transmitting several vector-borne pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. Here, we explore the transcriptome of R. sanguineus s.l. larvae (Putignano strain). We sequenced total RNA from R. sanguineus s.l. larvae. A total of 15,566,986 short paired-end reads were de novo-assembled into 33,396 transcripts and then annotated and analyzed.

Background: The execution of many genetic programs, influenced by environmental conditions, is epigenetically controlled. Thus, small molecules of the intermediate metabolism being precursors of most of nutrition-deriving epigenetic modifications, sense the cell surrounding environment. Methods: Here we describe histone H4K16 acetylation distribution in S. cerevisiae nhp6ab mutant, using ChIP-seq analysis; its transcription profile by RNA-seq and its metabolic features by studying the metabolome. We then intersected these three -omic approaches to unveil common crosspoints (if any).

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) producing IL-22 and/or IL-17, designated as ILC3, comprise a heterogeneous subset of cells involved in regulation of gut barrier homeostasis and inflammation. Exogenous environmental cues in conjunction with regulated expression of endogenous factors are key determinants of plasticity of ILC3 towards the type 1 fate. Herein, by using mouse models and transcriptomic approaches, we defined at the molecular level, initial events driving ILC3 expressing natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR+ ILC3) to acquire type 1 features.

Differentiation of Natural Killer (NK) cells is a stepwise process having its origin in the bone marrow and proceeding in the periphery, where these cells follow organ specific trajectories. Several soluble factors and cytokines regulate the distinct stages of NK cell differentiation, and ultimately, their functional properties.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) in men is a rare disease, but morbidity and mortality in male BC (MBC) patients is a serious concern. Because of its rarity, to date, clinical management of men with BC has been informed almost entirely by female BC research. However, BC in men and women may behave differently. Inherited mutations in homologous recombination (HR) genes, mainly BRCA1,BRCA2 and PALB2, play a major role in MBC predisposition. MBCs associated with mutations in HR gene are likely to represent a subgroup of tumors with a peculiar tumor phenotype.

Alteration in endogenous Interferon (IFN) system may profoundly impact immune cell function in autoimmune
diseases.
Here, we provide evidence that dysregulation in IFN-regulated genes and pathways are involved in B cell- and
monocyte-driven pathogenic contribution to Multiple Sclerosis (MS) development and maintenance.
In particular, by using an Interferome-based cell type-specific approach, we characterized an increased susceptibility to an IFN-linked caspase-3 dependent apoptotic cell death in both B cells and monocytes of MS