Ricerc@Sapienza

The triple collocation (TC) technique is being increasingly used to validate soil moisture retrievals derived from different systems, like satellites, hydrological models, or in situ probes. In recent years, several extensions of this method were proposed in order to evaluate the error standard deviations of more than three systems and to soften the TC hypothesis.

The assessment of satellite image classifications is usually carried out using a test sample assumed as the ground truth, from which a confusion matrix is derived. There are cases where the reference data, even those coming from a ground survey, are affected by errors and do not represent a reliable truth. In the field of geophysical parameter retrieval, the triple collocation (TC) technique is applied for validating remotely sensed products when the source of test data (e.g., ground data) does not represent a reliable reference.