Ricerc@Sapienza

This paper proposes a systematic literature review concerning the implementation of industrial symbiosis (IS) within urban areas, a concept that has been defined by the literature as "urban symbiosis" and "urban-industrial symbiosis", indifferently. 26 papers published between 2009 and 2018 are analyzed. This review is aimed at highlighting: (1) the specific research goals addressed; (2) the IS synergies currently implemented within urban areas; and (3) barriers and enablers to the implementation of IS within urban areas. Suggestions for future research are also proposed.

We consider the problem of controlling the rate of failures triggered by fatigue processes of Base Stations (BSs) in cellular networks subject to Sleep Modes (SMs). Specifically, the increase of time spent in SM tends to decrease the BS failure rate by following, e.g., the Arrhenius law. However, the transitions between the power states tend to increase the BS failure rate, which can be predicted by the Coffin- Manson model. In this context, the energy savings triggered by SMs would not be economically useful if the BS failure rate were increased too much.