Thermal requirements for seed germination of three invasive alien species (IAS).

04 Pubblicazione in atti di convegno
Pepe M., Gratani L., Varone L., Fabrini G.

Invasive alien species (IAS) have been introduced
outside their native sites by humans and
becoming part of local flora. The IAS number is
strongly increased worldwide during the past two
centuries, redefining the classical biogeography
boundaries, affecting ecosystem functioning,
human health and economies. IAS represent
one of the main threats to biodiversity and
interconnected ecosystem services.
This work aimed to investigate thermal
requirements for seed germination of Ailanthus
altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Robinia pseudoacacia L.
and Phytolacca americana L. Germination tests
were carried out at the Germplasm Bank (Botanical
Garden of Rome). Seeds were incubated in the
dark, and in the light (12 h light/12 h darkness)
at three range temperatures (15/6, 20/10 and
30/20 °C). For A. altissima and P. americana cold
stratification (4 °C, for 1 month) was investigated
as potential factor improving seed germination.
Differently, no cold stratification was applied to R.
pseudoacacia, which shows pronounced physical
dormancy due to an impermeable seed coat. In
this case a seed piercing to determine a higher
germination was applied.
A. altissima and P. americana showed a higher
germination rate at 30/20 °C than at 20/10 and 15/6
°C. R. pseudoacacia showed a high germination
rate after piercing at 15/6 °C and 20/10 °C, whereas
at 30/20 °C a high seed mortality was observed.
Expanding knowledge on IAS seed germination
is crucial to better understand the invasiveness
process. This information can help to find and
apply incisive and more appropriate actions to
limit the establishment and survival of IAS, whose
invasiveness could benefit from climate change in
progress.Invazivne tujerodne vrste so na območja zunaj
domorodnih območij vnesli ljudje in postajajo del
lokalne flore. Število invazivnih tujerodnih vrst je
v zadnjih dveh stoletjih močno naraslo po vsem
svetu, zaradi česar se na novo določajo klasične
biogeografske meje, to pa vpliva na delovanje
ekosistemov, zdravje ljudi in gospodarstvo.
Invazivne tujerodne vrste so ena od glavnih groženj
biotski raznovrstnosti in povezanim ekosistemskim
storitvam.
Cilj te študije je raziskati toplotne zahteve za klitje
semen vrst Ailanthus altissima ((Mill.) Swingle),
Robinia pseudoacacia L. in Phytolacca americana
L. Testi kalivosti so bili izvedeni v semenski banki
(Botanični vrt v Rimu). Semena so bila inkubirana v
temi in na svetlobi (12 ur na svetlobi/12 ur v temi)
pri treh temperaturnih razponih (15/6, 20/10 in
30/20 °C). Za vrsti A. altissima in P. americana je bila
kot potencialni dejavnik izboljšanja kalivosti semen
raziskana hladna stratifikacija (4 °C, 1 mesec). Za vrsto
R. pseudoacacia, ki ima izrazito fizično dormanco
zaradi nepropustne semenske ovojnice, pa hladna
stratifikacija, nasprotno, ni bila uporabljena. Pri tej
vrsti je bila za določanje večje kalivosti uporabljena
perforacija semen.
Pri vrstah A. altissima in P. americana je bila pri
temperaturnem razponu 30/20 °C ugotovljena večja
kalivost kot pri temperaturnih razponih 20/10 in
15/6 °C. Pri vrsti R. pseudoacacia je bila ugotovljena
večja kalivost po perforaciji pri temperaturnih
razponih 15/6 °C in 20/10 °C, pri temperaturnem
razponu 30/20 °C pa je bila ugotovljena velika
smrtnost semen. Razvijanje znanja o kalivosti
semen invazivnih tujerodnih vrst je ključno za boljše
razumevanje procesa invazivnosti. Te informacije
lahko pomagajo pri iskanju in uvedbi učinkovitih
in primernejših ukrepov za omejitev naselitve
in preživetja invazivnih tujerodnih vrst, saj lahko
na njihovo invazivnost ugodno vplivajo trenutne
podnebne spremembe.

© Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" - Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma