A 1 m3 gas time projection chamber with optical readout for directional dark matter searches. The CYGNO experiment
The aim of the CYGNO project is the construction and operation of a 1 m3 gas TPC for directional dark matter searches and coherent neutrino scattering measurements, as a prototype toward the 100-1000 m3 (0.15-1.5 tons) CYGNUS network of underground experiments. In such a TPC, electrons produced by dark-matter-or neutrino-induced nuclear recoils will drift toward and will be multiplied by a three-layer GEM structure, and the light produced in the avalanche processes will be readout by a sCMOS camera, providing a 2D image of the event with a resolution of a few hundred micrometers. Photomultipliers will also provide a simultaneous fast readout of the time profile of the light production, giving information about the third coordinate and hence allowing a 3D reconstruction of the event, from which the direction of the nuclear recoil and consequently the direction of the incoming particle can be inferred. Such a detailed reconstruction of the event topology will also allow a pure and efficient signal to background discrimination. These two features are the key to reach and overcome the solar neutrino background that will ultimately limit non-directional dark matter searches.