Starting with the case of Walter Benjamin, a forced exile from Nazi Germany and suicide on the French-Spanish border, we intend to reflect on the position of those intellectuals, especially Jewish-Germans, grappling with the political and cultural emergency of the time, such as Erich Auerbach; but also of French authors who in the same years were thinking of a literary and anthropological "flight" southwards, as a radical reformulation of their cultural positioning in the years between the wars.