English

The system consists of an FT-IR optical bench equipped with a complete Transfer line system, gas cell and integration system of the gas sampling module. The instrument has the following characteristics.

The optical system consists of a sealed and dissected optical unit; high stable rotary  interferometer and self-compensating for dynamic alignment changes; zero alignment optics with high reflectivity and a low-angle off axis design; a long life source with hot - spot stabilization and easy user replacement. The module is available with liquid nitrogen cooled MCT (mercury tallium telluride) device to improve sensitivity; the beam splitter is KBr/Gold coated and the material of the optical windows is resistant at high hyumidity environment.
The system includes a software-controlled validation wheel option containing reference materials, traceable to a NIST standard for wavenumber accuracy and a filter for ordinate repeatability.
The wavelenght range is 350 – 8,300 cm-1, the spectral resolution is better than 0,5 cm-1. 

For the gas analysis the instrument is equipped with a 24 Volts heated IR long-path  gas cell equipped with  windows resistant at hugh humidity and digital temperature controller (up to 200°C). The optical light path and internal volume (i.e. 2 meter and 100 ml, respectively) enables to measure ppm order or lower concentrations gas sample. For optimal performance the mirrors are coated with gold to obtain high resistivity and reflectivity. transfer line to the instrument is also present. In this way the sample passes through a heated line with easily replaceable stainless steel-liner, into the heated gas cell to maintain a constant temperature. Inlet and outlet valves and sensors for pressure measurement in the range 0 - 3 bar, are required to control and keep constant the gas pressure, as it flows through the cell. In order to have the better separation of evolved products, a clear spectra and time resolved data, a balanced flow is necessary. This is carried out by using flow mass controllers for evolved gasses aspiration, filtration and thermal stabilization.  
The transfer line and the instrument can operate in continuous setups and in acidic and corrosive environments and includes trigger cable, digital controller and connectors.

The instrument provides accurate and reliable results and has low-maintenance design; it can monitor very fast reactions and changes as quickly as any scans per second and the sensitivity is part-per million for the most of compounds analyzed. 
All of the functions needed for FT-IR analyses such as instrument control, data collecting and processing and report utilities are inserted in a software platform.

Fonte di Finanziamento: 
Media o grande attrezzatura acquisita/cofinanziata con fondi di Ateneo
anno del bando: 
2020
anno di collaudo: 
2021
Name and acronym of the laboratory or room hosting the Infrastructure: 
Laboratorio 409
Building: 
RM038 - S. Pietro in Vincoli - Edificio H
Servizi offerti: 
Analysis can be performed on solid, liquid and gaseous samples. The solids and liquids can be analysed as such or after mixing with a matrix transparent to IR radiation, such as potassium bromide (KBr). The analysis can be performed using the different accessories of the instruments as follows: gas analysis by gas cell; or in Transmission, Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) and Diffuse Reflectance (DRIFT . - Qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex of gas mixtures includes simultaneous measurement of HCl, HF, CO, CO2, SO2, NO, NO2, CH4, NH3, N2O ... - Transmission is suitable for the analysis of polymeric films: In this case, the solid sample must be a film. - Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) is the most used technique for the acquisition of IR spectra as it is fast and does not require any sample preparation, it improves the spectral reproducibility. The sample, liquid or solid, is placed directly on the surface of the ATR crystal. In ATR it is possible to work on solid or liquid samples in small quantities. - DRIFT allows to obtain excellent quantitative and qualitative data. With this technique both organic and inorganic samples can be analyzed which can be reduced to fine dust (less than 10μm), such as soft powders and mixtures of powders, tablets (pharmaceutical sector) and polymers. Through the DRIFT technique it is also possible to obtain samples not by grinding with KBr but by abrasion with silicon carbide papers. In this way it is possible to remove, by mechanical abrasion, a small quantity of sample from large surfaces that would otherwise not be analyzed. The main studies can be conducted on paints, tablets and rigid polymeric materials. Some examples of applications are reported in the following but not limited to them: Fire Science Analysis of toxic gases in the combustion of building materials (e.g. wood, plastics) Renewable Energy Analysis of gases generated by new renewable energy developments, such as pyrolysis of wood chips or anaerobic digestion of garbage or manure. Food Compositional analysis and structural properties of biomolecules; conformational stability of proteins (unfolding / folding). Reaction kinetics Monitoring of organic reactions ( e.g. polymerization) and acquisition of information on kinetics
Contatti: 
surnamenamee-mail
Russo
Paola
Numero di utenti per anno: 
10
Elenco Imprese utenti: 
Elenco altri utenti: 
Ricavi - trasferimenti interni: 
Anno: 
2021
fatture emesse: 
data
09/03/2021
spese manutenzione: 
anno
2021
Description of research activity: 
Increased use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has shown the safety limits of these devices, especially when subjected to electrical, mechanical, or thermal abuse. Thermal abuse is caused by exposure of the cell to temperatures above or below the operating temperatures indicated by the safety window (i.e., specific temperature and voltage range). This abuse leads to the degradation of the internal components of the cell with consequent release of gases and vapors by venting, and the generation of heat which, when not exchanged efficiently, triggers thermal runaway (TR) with consequent fire or explosion. To characterize the different phases, thermal abuse tests are conducted on NCA 18650 cells. Abuse tests were performed in a stainless-steel tubular reactor, in inert gas, heated up to 240°C at constant heating rate . The analysis of gas emitted was conducted through a Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FT-IR Spectrum 3, Perkin Elmer). The comparison between the results obtained at the three heating rates shown difference in terms of temperature, time and quantities of gases emitted. The gases produced are characterised and are essentially composed by hydrofluoric acid (HF), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and the electrolytic solvents dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC).
Description of educational/training activity: 
The equipment is used by the students of the Bachelor's and Master's Degrees in Chemical Engineering for the preparation of their final report / thesis. In particular, it is used for the characterization of materials (eg pectins) extracted from agri-food waste and waste from the agri-food industry. It is also used for the characterization of fruit juices during separation process through membrane ( pervaporation) for the valorization of the extracts. It has also been used for the characterization of commercial and non-commercial biofilms for food product packaging and to extend shelf life. An experimental activity is also planned for the laboratory of the Industrial Organic Chemistry course.
Scientific coordinator: 
paola.russo@uniroma1.it
ERC scientific sector: 
PE8_2
Ambiti tecnologici trasversali - Key Enabling Technologies: 
Sustainable technologies & development
Keyword iris: 
FT-IR
Infrastructure status: 
In funzione

© Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" - Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma