Background: Recent genome studies of modern and ancient samples have proposed that Native Americans derive from a subset of the Eurasian gene pool carried to America by an ancestral Beringian population, from which two well-differentiated components originated and subsequently mixed in different proportion during their spread in the Americas.
Background: Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are a superfamily of enzymes that hydrolyse cyclic nucleotides (cAMP/
cGMP), signal molecules in transduction pathways regulating crucial aspects of cell life. PDEs regulate the intensity
and duration of the cyclic nucleotides signal modulating the downstream biological efect. Due to this critical role
associated with the extensive distribution and multiplicity of isozymes, the 11 mammalian families (PDE1 to PDE11)
In this chapter, informations on the recent advances regarding antifungal activity of natural products obtained from plants collected directly from their natural habitat or from plant cell and organ, cultures have been reported. The biotechnological approaches could increase uniformity and predictability of the extracts and overcome problems associated with geographical, seasonal, and environmental variations. Human fungal pathogens are the cause of severe diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality.
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