Ricerc@Sapienza

Diabetes: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Second Edition, builds on the success of the first edition, covering updated research on the science of oxidative stress in diabetes and the potentially therapeutic usage of natural antioxidants in the diet and food matrix. The processes within the science of oxidative stress are not described in isolation, but rather in concert with other processes, such as apoptosis, cell signaling and receptor mediated responses. This approach recognizes that diseases are often multifactorial and oxidative stress is a single component of this.

PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional molecules that trigger the poly-ubiquitination of the protein of interest (POI) inducing its degradation via the recruitment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, thus suppressing the POI's intracellular levels and indirectly all its functions. Recently, one of the fields where the protein knockdown induced by PROTACs has demonstrated to serve as a promising biochemical tool and to provide new opportunities for drug discovery is the epigenetics (epi-PROTACs).

The environment surrounding stem cells has the ability to elicit profound, heritable epigenetic changes orchestrated by multiple epigenetic mechanisms, which can be modulated by the level of specific metabolites. In this review, we highlight the significance of metabolism in regulating stem cell homeostasis, cell state, and differentiation capacity, using metabolic regulation of embryonic and adult muscle stem cells as examples, and cast light on the interaction between cellular metabolism and epigenetics.

The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is a key intracellular mediator of a variety of metabolically relevant hormones and cytokines, including the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines. The JAK/STAT pathway transmits extracellular signals to the nucleus, leading to the transcription of genes involved in multiple pleiotropic biological activities. The JAK/STAT pathway has been reported to be required for the homeostasis of different tissues and organs, where it is required for normal homeostasis.

Background: Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) has been proposed as a target for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) because it mediates nerve-skeletal muscle interaction and since its expression in skeletal muscle correlates with the severity of the disease. However, our recent studies on the skeletal muscle response upon long-term denervation highlighted the importance of HDAC4 in maintaining muscle integrity. Methods: To fully identify the yet uncharacterized HDAC4 functions in ALS, we genetically deleted HDAC4 in skeletal muscles of a mouse model of ALS.

Background: The effect of gene polymorphisms and promoter methylation, associated with maladaptive developmental outcomes, vary depending on environmental factors (e.g., parental psychopathology). Most studies have focused on 0- to 5-year-old children, adolescents, or adults, whereas there is dearth of research on school-age youths and pre-adolescents.

Aims Metabolic cardiomyopathy (MC)-characterized by intra-myocardial triglyceride (TG) accumulation and lipotoxic damage-is an emerging cause of heart failure in obese patients. Yet, its mechanisms remain poorly understood. The Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) member JunD was recently identified as a key modulator of hepatic lipid metabolism in obese mice. The present study investigates the role of JunD in obesity-induced MC.

There is growing research interest for the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT).
HT is an organ-specific autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) accounting for most cases of clinical hypothyroidism and in which both cellular and humoral immunity have a role in the pathogenesis. HT is characterized by diffuse goiter supported by thyroid-specific autoantibodies and

In this brief review, we present evidence of the primary role of learning-associated plasticity in the development of either adaptive or maladaptive coping strategies.