Ricerc@Sapienza

In this study the electromagnetic field scattered by a buried object is obtained by use of a commercial full-wave
frequency-domain solver which implements the Finite Element Method (FEM). The buried object is supposed
to have different simple shapes and material composition such as a cylinder or cylindrical shell modelling for
example a void in concrete or a poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) pipeline, respectively. Material properties available in
literature are correctly modelled by data interpolation. The model is excited by a linearly-polarized plane wave

The electromagnetic scattered field by a reinforced concrete structure is calculated by means of frequency-domain numerical simulations and by making use of the scattered-field formulation.

This work focuses on the electromagnetic modelling and simulation of a highfrequency
Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) antenna over a concrete cell with
reinforcing elements. The development of realistic electromagnetic models of GPR
antennas is crucial for accurately predicting GPR responses and for designing
new antennas. We used commercial software implementing the Finite-Integration
technique (CST Microwave Studio) to create a model that is representative of a
1.5 GHz Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. antenna, by exploiting information

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) systems shall be periodically calibrated and
their performance verified, in accordance with the recommendations and
specifications of the manufacturer. Nevertheless, most GPR owners in Europe
employ their instrumentation for years without ever having it checked by the
manufacturer, unless major flaws or problems become evident, according to the
results of a survey carried out in the context of COST (European Cooperation in
Science and Technology) Action TU1208 “Civil engineering applications of

This paper presents the results of a research study where ground penetrating radar (GPR) was successfully used to reveal the remains of the Württemberg-Stambol Gate in the subsurface of Republic Square, in Belgrade, Serbia. GPR investigations were carried out in the context of renovation works in the square, which involved rearranging traffic control, expanding the pedestrian zone, renewing the surface layer, and valorising existing archaeological structures. The presence of the gate remains was suggested by historical documents and information from previous restoration works.