Two-tier architecture for NB-IoT: Improving coverage and load balancing
In the context of massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), 3GPP has introduced in Release 13 the Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) standard, that appears particularly suitable for uplink, delay-Tolerant low-rate communications. On the one hand, being compatible with the existing 4G cellular systems, and also envisioned as a primary player in next 5G, NB-IoT is developed upon the existing heterogeneous architecture, formed by several overlapping tiers (HetNets), e.g. macro and small cells.