The history of conifers in central Italy supports long-term persistence and adaptation of mesophilous conifer fungi in Arbutus-dominated shrublands
A mycological survey from Monti della Tolfa, a volcanic region of central Italy that originated during the Early
Pleistocene and remained isolated from themainland for at least one million years, shows that a thermophilous
shrubland dominated by Arbutus unedo preserves fungal species typically associated with conifers. Pinaceae are
currently absent from the study area. Palynological data from the same region show a decline of Abies and Picea
around 70 ka BP and their complete disappearance during the Holocene. Pinus disappeared during the postglacial.