Ricerc@Sapienza

Objective: Episiotomy is associated with an increased risk of postpartum pain, bleeding, and dyspareunia. The hypothesis of this trial was that in women with singleton pregnancy, and spontaneous labor at term, use of calendula ointment would reduce pain after episiotomy. Methods: This was a single-center parallel group randomized trial of women with singleton pregnancies and spontaneous labor at term who were randomized to either use of calendula ointment (i.e. intervention group) or standard care (i.e. control group) after episiotomy.

Epistaxis is a common problem during pregnancy. Few cases of severe epistaxis, not associated with nasal lesions or clotting disorders, were described in the literature. We reported a case of severe epistaxis in a pregnant patient, exploring all the different possible management options.

The protective effect of pregnancy on endometriosis is well known, but complications related to the pregnant state, such as hemoperitoneum, uroperitoneum and bowel perforation may occur.

The present study investigated: (a) the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and (b) the obstetric outcome in healthy pregnant women showing false-positive TORCH-Toxoplasmosis, Other: syphilis, varicella-zoster, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes infections-results. Data from 23 singleton healthy pregnancies with false-positive TORCH results were collected. Each woman was systematically screened for TORCH IgG and IgM during the pre-conception assessment and/or at the beginning of pregnancy.

It is today well-established that the early stages of pregnancy represent a particularly vulnerable period for the embryo and that viral infections during this period can potentially affect embryogenesis and fetal organ development. Viruses can gain access to the decidua and later to the placenta, by ascending from the lower reproductive tract, or via hematogenous transmission. Vertical transmission mechanisms are poorly understood.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) is a term used to describe the broad spectrum of pathologies and disorders caused by alcohol exposure in uterus. Since alcohol is able to directly cross the placental barrier, alcohol intake during pregnancy causes a broad range of symptoms whose severity can greatly vary in degree. It is already well established that Ethanol exhibits teratogenic effects resulting in growth delays, physical and specific facial anomalies, neurological defects including intellectual disabilities and behavioral problems.

Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is an ethanol metabolite and EtG is used as a biomarker of alcohol drinking. EtG can be detected in the blood and in several biological matrices including urine, hair and nails. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a strong risk factor for fetus health so in the recent years different strategies to reveal alcohol use have been planning including the use of screening questionnaires as the AUDIT-C, T-ACE and TWEAK.

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Hum Reprod. 2018 Dec 1;33(12):2184-2195. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dey323.
Differential microRNA expression between decidual and peripheral blood natural killer cells in early pregnancy.

Neurotrophins (NTs) are a family of polypeptides whose functions have been extensively studied in the past two decades. In particular, Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) play a major role in the development, nutrition and growth of the central and peripheral nervous system and in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative, cardiometabolic and (auto)immune diseases. However, NGF and BDNF have subtle functions for follicular development, implantation, and placentation.

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a
rare inherited disorder of biogenic amine metabolism presenting
with developmental delay, hypokinetic movement disorders,
hypotonia, and autonomic dysfunctions.