The LCA methodology for ceramic tiles production by addition of MSWI BA
Integrated waste management and sustainable use of natural resources are the basis of the
Green Economy. In this context, the management of the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom
Ashes (MSWI BA) is one of the current issues worldwide. This paper presents an application of the
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) procedure to the industrial production of ceramic tiles using bottom
ashes in the mixture together with feldspathic sands and clays. The comparison between ashes and
traditional mixture showed a similar mineralogical and rheological composition. In the reported
procedure the MSWI BA, after storage, were treated to separate and recover metals. The residual
ashes were added to the mixture and then they followed the traditional industrial production cycle.
Samples of the different materials were taken during the experimental industrial activity and leaching
tests were carried out to verify the environmental compatibility of MSWI BA use to produce ceramic
tiles. The results of the LCA show large environmental and energy benefits related to the proposed
reuse of BA. Metal recovery and lower use of clay in traditional mixture avoids emission of substances
with a negative potential impact for environment. This study provides a sustainable alternative to
the MSWI BA final disposal in landfill as MSWI BA are hazardous wastes that present complicated
management and high disposal costs.