Ricerc@Sapienza

Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent condition. Urologic disorders are known causes of CKD, but
often remain undiagnosed and underestimated also for their insidious onset and slow progression. We aimed to evaluate
the prevalence of urological unrecognized diseases in CKD patients by uroflowmetry. Methods. We enrolled consecutive stable CKD outpatients. The patients carried out two questionnaires, the International
Prostate Symptom Score and Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form, and they also underwent uroflowmetry, evaluating
max flow rate (Qmax), voiding time and voided volume values. Results. A total of 83 patients (43 males, mean age of 59.8613.3 years) were enrolled. Our study showed 28 males and 10
females with a significant reduction of Qmax (P with a prevalence of 49.5% of functional urological disease. Moreover, we showed a significant association between Qmax
and creatinine (P¼0.013), estimated glomerular filtration rate (P¼0.029) and voiding volume (P¼0.05). We have not shown
significant associations with age (P¼0.215), body mass index (P¼0.793), systolic blood pressure (P¼0.642) or diastolic blood
pressure (P¼0.305). Moreover, Pearson’s chi-squared test showed a significant association between Qmax altered with CKD
(v2 ¼1.885, P¼0.170) and recurrent infection (v2¼8.886, P¼0.012), while we have not shown an association with proteinuria
(v2¼0.484, P¼0.785), diabetes (v2¼0.334, P¼0.563) or hypertension (v2¼1.885, P¼0.170).Conclusions. We showed an elevated prevalence of urological diseases in nephropathic patients; therefore, we suggest to
include uroflowmetry in CKD patient assessment, considering the non-invasiveness, repeatability and low cost of
examination. Uroflowmetry could be used to identify previously unrecognized urological diseases, which may prevent the
onset of CKD or progression to end-stage renal disease and reduce the costs of management.