Ricerc@Sapienza

In this review paper, some relevant models, algorithms, and approaches conceived to describe the bone tissue mechanics
and the remodeling process are showcased. Specifically, we briefly describe the hierarchical structure of the bone at
different levels and underline the geometrical substructure characterizing the bone itself. The mechanical models adopted
to describe the bone tissue at different levels of observation are introduced in their essential aspects. Furthermore, the
modeling of the evolution, including the growth and resorption of bone, is treated by analyzing the main approaches
employed, namely the mechanical feedback concept and the structural optimization perspective. In this regard, the most
prominent ways to model the biomechanical stimulus are summarized. The modeling of the interaction with prostheses
or grafts commonly used in reconstructive surgery is also recalled. The main aim of this survey consists thereby in
providing the appropriate knowledge to mimic the deeply structured hierarchy of the bone tissue for synthesizing
innovative and highly performing bio-inspired metamaterials.