Epigenetic alterations in aging and in endocrine and metabolic diseases
Aging and endocrine-metabolic diseases are complex conditions characterized by profound epigenetic alterations that affect gene expression and cellular function. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, play a central role in the adaptation of cells to environmental and metabolic stimuli.
During aging, chronic exposure to oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation leads to progressive epigenome remodeling, with a loss of transcriptional plasticity and disruption of gene programs controlling energy metabolism, inflammatory response, and DNA integrity. These processes are amplified in endocrine and metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, where dysregulation of epigenetic pathways linking redox state and hormonal signaling becomes evident.
An integrated analysis of epigenetic and redox mechanisms provides new insights into how environmental and metabolic factors contribute to age-related functional decline and the onset of chronic diseases. The study of these processes paves the way for the identification of epigenetic biomarkers of pathological aging and for novel therapeutic targets aimed at restoring epigenetic–metabolic balance in adult-onset diseases.
Responsabile del Gruppo
Anna Reale
