Ricerc@Sapienza

Tuberculosis is an ancient infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is still nowadays afflicting humans all over the world. It causes ill-health for 10 million people each year. Tuberculosis (TB) has been the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, ranking above HIV/AIDS. In recent years, infection with HIV represents a major risk factor predisposing for infection and TB is the most common cause of AIDS-related death.

Abstract Background. Results from clinical trials and observational studies suggest that lamivudine plus dolutegravir could be an effective and tolerated option for simplification in HIV-1 positive patients. Materials and Methods. This was an observational study enrolling HIV-1-infected, virologically suppressed patients switching to lamivudine plus dolutegravir.

Several studies evidenced that a sedentary lifestyle is related with higher levels of systemic inflammation and highlighted that physical activity can trigger anti-inflammatory effects. To evaluate the impact of self-prescribed physical activity on fitness status, metabolism, inflammation and immune-activation in people living with HIV, an interim analysis of the results of the clinical trial PRIMO (NCT03392805) was performed.

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to expand worldwide and a significant proportion of infection is still undiagnosed.

Background: During severe immunosuppression or treatment with specific biological drugs, human polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) may establish a lytic infection in oligodendrocytes, leading to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Beyond AIDS, which represents the most common predisposing condition, several biological drugs have been associated to the development of PML, such as natalizumab, fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate, which have been showed to increase the risk of PML in the multiple sclerosis (MS) population.

Abstract 19 Background : 20 HIV infection may affect cardiovascular system through different physio pathological patterns 21 including viral vasculitis, thrombophilia induction, opportunistic infection, major HIV vasculo- 22 tropic coinfections and secondary effects of antiretroviral therapy. Vessel pathology may 23 manifest as obstructive disease, dissection or aneurysm conditions that may involve major , 24 medium or small vessels, in different arterial branches.

To investigate the effects of oral bacteriotherapy on intestinal phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism, in this longitudinal, double-arm trial, 15 virally suppressed HIV+ individuals underwent blood and fecal sample collection at baseline and after 6 months of oral bacteriotherapy. A baseline fecal sample was collected from 15 healthy individuals and served as control group for the baseline levels of fecal phenylalanine and tyrosine. CD4 and CD8 immune activation (CD38+) was evaluated by flow cytometry.

Fragility fractures risk is increased among HIV infected patients. Bone microstructure alterations, in addition to bone mineral density (BMD) reduction, might be responsible for the increased risk. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vertebral fractures (VFs) and their association with trabecular bone score (TBS), an indirect index of bone microstructure, in a cohort of HIV-infected subjects.

Objective Here we evaluated the hypothesis that resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) cortical sources correlated with cognitive functions and discriminated asymptomatic treatment-naïve HIV subjects (no AIDS). Methods EEG, clinical, and neuropsychological data were collected in 103 treatment-naïve HIV subjects (88 males; mean age 39.8 years ± 1.1 standard error of the mean, SE). An age-matched group of 70 cognitively normal and HIV-negative (Healthy; 56 males; 39.0 years ± 2.0 SE) subjects, selected from a local university archive, was used for control purposes.