Ricerc@Sapienza

Aims: To evaluate the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on blood glucose control in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to explore determinants of glucose variability. Methods: Fifty T1D patients undergoing continuous/flash glucose monitoring were recruited. The study's primary outcome was the change of time in range (TIR) from before to lockdown period. Three time-point comparisons of TIR, mean glucose levels (MG), estimated (e)HbA1c, time above (TAR) and below range (TBR), moderate/severe hypoglycemic events between pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown period were also performed.

Low age-specific serum levels of AMH, indicating a reduced ovarian reserve, were observed in 12% of long-standing T1D patients, 10% of endometriosis infertile patients and 4% of healthy women. The prevalence of low circulating AMH levels was very similar between T1D and endometriosis infertile patients (12% vs 10%, p>0.05, respectively), whereas the prevalence of reduced ovarian reserve was significantly higher in T1D group compared to control group (12% vs 4%, p<0.05, respectively) and in endometriosis infertile group compared to control group (10% vs 4% p<0.02, respectively).

Glycemia regulation algorithms which are designed to be implemented in several artificial pancreas projects are often model based control algorithms. However, actual diabetes monitoring is based throughout the world on the so-called Flexible Insulin Therapy (FIT) which does not always cope with current mathematical models. In this paper, we initiate an identification methodology of those FIT parameters from some standard ambulatory clinical data. This issue has an interest per se, or for a further use in any closed-loop regulation system.

Objective: Almost 6% of celiac disease (CD) patients at diagnosis are positive for at least one of the main pancreatic islet autoantibodies that characterize type 1 diabetes (T1D). Few information, dated back to almost two decades ago, exist as to whether a gluten-free diet (GFD) could reduce the islet-specific autoimmunity detected in patients at CD diagnosis. Aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of GFD on 31 patients who presented islet-specific autoimmunity at CD diagnosis.

In our Diabetes Centre at Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, we have been exploring the potential benefits of using technology in diabetes care, with a particular focus on T1DM patients receiving flexible intensive insulin therapy (MDI), who do not take advantage of automatic bolus calcu- lators as do those treated with insulin pumps. Therefore, from its launch in 2016, we have been suggesting the mobile app RapidCalc1 to T1DM subjects using MDI, and with knowledge and experience in technology.

Published estimates of the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children in the last decade varies between 2% and 4% per annum. If this trend continued, the disease incidence would double in the next 20 years. The risk of developing T1D is determined by a complex interaction between multiple genes (mainly human leukocyte antigens) and environmental factors. Notwithstanding that genetic susceptibility represents a relevant element in T1D risk, genetics alone cannot explain the increase in incidence.

Published estimates of the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children in the last decade varies between 2% and 4% per annum. If this trend continued, the disease incidence would double in the next 20 years. The risk of developing T1D is determined by a complex interaction between multiple genes (mainly human leukocyte antigens) and environmental factors. Notwithstanding that genetic susceptibility represents a relevant element in T1D risk, genetics alone cannot explain the increase in incidence.

In literature, the importance of X-linked gene dosage as a contributing factor for autoimmune diseases is generally assumed. However, little information is available on the frequency of humoral endocrine organ-specific autoimmunity in X-chromosome aneuploidies.